Oxidation with Nitrogen Trioxide of Ethyl Malonate into Ethyl Dioxymalonate

Highly Selective Oxidation of Ethyl Lactate to Ethyl Pyruvate Catalyzed by Mesoporous Vanadia–Titania

The direct oxidative dehydrogenation of lactates with molecular oxygen is a "greener" alternative for producing pyruvates. Here we report a one-pot synthesis of mesoporous vanadia-titania (VTN), acting as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for the conversion of ethyl lactate to ethyl pyruvate. These VTN materials feature high surface areas, large pore volumes, and high densities of isola...

Kinetic Study of Ethyl Mercaptan Oxidation in Presence of Merox Catalyst

Mercaptans are commonly present in petroleum products. Their foul odor and highly corrosive nature make them the most undesirable sulfur compounds so they should be removed because of environmental issues. Merox process is used for oxidation of mercaptans to disulfide using air in the presence of alkaline solution and Merox catalyst. In this paper, due to lack of information about the kinet...

Potassium carbonate as a base for cycloalkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl cyanoacetate in solid-liquid two phase systems

The cycloalkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl cyanoacetate with alkyl dihalide was investigated by using comminuted potassium carbonate as a base and toluene as a solvent in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTMAB) as a phase-transfer catalyst, which provided a conventional procedure with the advantage of short reaction period and high product yield. The factors influencin...

Use of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate in forensic toxicology

In vitro formation of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate

Aims: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are used as markers of alcohol consumption in various clinical and forensic settings. In controlled studies, their concentration considerably varies between subjects. Knowledge on glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) and sulfotransferases (SULT) catalyzing formation of EtG and EtS formation is as moderate as diverging. A possible influence of nutr...